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SMAD-Protein
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SMAD-Proteine sind eine Gruppe von intrazellulÀren Proteinen, die im Rahmen des TGFβ-Signalwegs extrazellulÀre Signale der TGF-β-Familie von den TGF-Rezeptoren in den Zellkern weiterleiten, wo sie anschließend die Transkription bestimmter Gene aktivieren.cite-ref-1[1]cite-ref-2[2]cite-ref-3[3]cite-ref-4[4]cite-ref-5[5]cite-ref-6[6]

Contents

β€’ Eigenschaften
β€’ Verwechslungsgefahr
β€’ Klassen
β€’ Siehe auch
β€’ Einzelnachweise

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Eigenschaften

Der Name leitet sich vom homologen Gen der Taufliege Drosophila melanogaster, MAD (engl. mothers against decapentaplegic) und dem Gen fΓΌr das Protein Sma (engl. small body size β€škleine KΓΆrpergrâßeβ€˜) des Fadenwurms Caenorhabditis elegans ab.cite-ref-7[7]

Verwechslungsgefahr

In FachverΓΆffentlichungen und Protein-Datenbanken liegen mitunter fehlerhafte EintrΓ€ge vor aufgrund einer Verwechslung mit dem Protein SAMD1. Ohne SAMD1 entwickeln sich embryonale Stammzellen fehlerhaft, ergaben Zellkulturexperimente.cite-ref-8[8]

Klassen

β€’ Die Rezeptor-regulierten SMAD (R-SMAD, SMAD1-3, -5, -8, -9)cite-ref-9[9]
β€’ Der common-mediator-SMAD4 (co-SMAD), der mit R-SMAD interagiertcite-ref-10[10]
β€’ Die antagonistischen oder inhibitorischen SMAD (I-SMAD), SMAD-6 und SMAD-7, die die Aktivierung von R- und Co-SMAD blockierencite-ref-11[11]

Siehe auch

β€’ Mowat-Wilson-Syndrom

Einzelnachweise

cite-note-11. ↑ C. H. Heldin, K. Miyazono, P. ten Dijke: TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins In: Nature. 390 (6659), Dezember 1997, S. 465–471. doi:10.1038/37284. PMID 9393997.
cite-note-22. ↑ L. Attisano, J. L. Wrana: Mads and Smads in TGF beta signalling. In: Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10 (2), April 1998, S. 188–194. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80141-5. PMID 9561843.
cite-note-33. ↑ J. MassaguΓ©: TGF-beta signal transduction. In: Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 1998, S. 753–791. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753. PMID 9759503.
cite-note-44. ↑ L. Attisano, J. L. Wrana: Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily. In: Science. 296 (5573), Mai 2002, S. 1646–1647. doi:10.1126/science.1071809. PMID 12040180
cite-note-55. ↑ M. Whitman: Smads and early developmental signaling by the TGFbeta superfamily. In: Genes Dev. 12 (16), August 1998, S. 2445–2462. doi:10.1101/gad.12.16.2445. PMID 9716398.
cite-note-66. ↑ J. L. Wrana: Crossing Smads". In: Sci. STKE. (23), Mar 2000, S. RE1. doi:10.1126/stke.2000.23.re1. PMID 11752591.
cite-note-77. ↑ Gene name - Mothers against dpp. Interactive Fly, Drosophila. Society for Developmental Biology
cite-note-88. ↑ Bastian Stielow, Clara Simon, Robert Liefke: Making fundamental scientific discoveries by combining information from literature, databases, and computational tools – an example In: Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2021.
cite-note-99. ↑ J. W. Wu, M. Hu, J. Chai, J. Seoane, M. Huse, C. Li, D. J. Rigotti, S. Kyin, T. W. Muir, R. Fairman, J. MassaguΓ©, Y. Shi: Crystal structure of a phosphorylated Smad2. Recognition of phosphoserine by the MH2 domain and insights on Smad function in TGF-beta signaling. In: Mol. Cell. 8 (6), Dezember 2001, S. 1277–1289. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00421-X. PMID 11779503.
cite-note-1010. ↑ Y. Shi, A. Hata, R. S. Lo, J. MassaguΓ©, N. P. Pavletich: A structural basis for mutational inactivation of the tumour suppressor Smad4. In: Nature. 388 (6637), Juli 1997, S. 87–93. doi:10.1038/40431. PMID 9214508.
cite-note-1111. ↑ F. Itoh, H. Asao, K. Sugamura, C. H. Heldin, ten Dijke P, Itoh S: Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling through negative regulation of inhibitory Smads. In: EMBO J. 20 (15), August 2001, S. 4132–4142. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.15.4132. PMC 149146 (freier Volltext). PMID 11483516.

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